Allgemeine Anmerkungdes Artikels 3 zu seiner Implementierung

1. Keine Zustand-Partei treibt weg, bringt zurück („refouler“) oder liefert eine Person zu einem anderen Zustand aus, in dem es erheblichen Boden für das Glauben gibt, daß er in der Gefahr von Folterung unterworfen werden sein würde.

2. Mit dem Ziel die Bestimmung, ob es solchen Boden gibt, ziehen die zuständigen Behörden in Betracht allen relevanten Betrachtungen einschließlich, wo anwendbar, das Bestehen im Zustand, der von einem gleichbleibenden Muster der groben, schamlosen oder Massenverletzungen der menschlichen Rechte betroffen wird.

1. Jede Zustand-Partei stellt sicher, daß alle Taten der Folterung Handlungen unter seinem Strafrecht sind. Die selben treffen an einem Versuch, Folterung und auf eine Tat durch jede mögliche Person festzulegen zu, die Mitschuld oder Teilnahme an der Folterung festsetzt.

2. Jede Zustand-Partei bildet diese Handlungen strafbar durch passende Strafen, die in Betracht ihre ernste Natur ziehen.

1. Jede Zustand-Partei ergreift solche Maßnahmen, wie notwendig sein kann, um seine Jurisdiktion über den Handlungen herzustellen, die in Artikel 4 in den folgenden Fällen beziehen:

(a) Wenn die Handlungen in jeder möglicher Gegend unter seiner Jurisdiktion oder an Bord eines Schiffs oder eines Flugzeuges festgelegt werden, die in diesem Zustand registriert werden;

(b) Wenn der angebliche übeltäter ein Staatsangehöriger dieses Zustandes ist;

(c) Wenn das Opfer ein Staatsangehöriger dieses Zustandes ist, wenn dieser Zustand ihn für geeignet hält.

2. Jede Zustand-Partei ergreift ebenfalls solche Maßnahmen, wie notwendig sein kann, um seine Jurisdiktion über solchen Handlungen, in den Fällen wo der angebliche übeltäter in jeder möglicher Gegend unter seiner Jurisdiktion und anwesend ist ihr herzustellen ausliefert ihn nicht gemäß Artikel 8 zu irgendwelchen der Zustände, die in Punkt I dieses Artikels erwähnt werden.

3. Diese Versammlung schließt keine kriminelle Jurisdiktion aus, die in übereinstimmung mit internem Gesetz ausgeübt wird.

1. Nach erfüllt sein nachdem eine Prüfung der Informationen vorhanden für sie, die die Umstände so Ermächtigung, jede mögliche Zustand-Partei, in deren Gegend, die eine Person, die behauptet wird, irgendeine Handlung festgelegt zu haben bezieht in Artikel 4, Geschenk ist, ihn in Schutz nimmt, oder anderen gerichtlichen Maßnahmen, seine Anwesenheit sicherzustellen nehmen. Der Schutz und andere gerichtliche Maßnahmen sind, wie im Gesetz dieses Zustandes zur Verfügung gestellt aber können nur während eines Zeitpunktes fortgefahren werden, wie notwendig ist, um eingeleitet zu werden Verbrecher oder Auslieferungsverfahren zu ermöglichen jedem möglichem.

2. Solcher Zustand bildet sofort eine einleitende Anfrage in die Tatsachen.

3. Jede mögliche Person im Schutz gemäß Punkt I dieses Artikels wird unterstützt, in mit dem nächsten passenden Repräsentanten des Zustandes, von dem er ein Staatsangehöriger ist, oder, wenn er eine stateless Person ist, mit dem Repräsentanten des Zustandes sofort verständigen, in dem er normalerweise liegt.

4. Wenn ein Zustand, gemäß diesem Artikel, eine Person in Schutz genommen hat, teilt er sofort die Zustände mit, die in Artikel 5, Punkt 1, der Tatsache beziehen, daß solche Person im Schutz und von den Umständen ist, welche Ermächtigung seine Verzögerung. Der Zustand, der die einleitende Anfrage bildet, die in Punkt 2 dieses Artikels erwogen wird, berichtet sofort seinen Entdeckungen die besagten Zustände und zeigt an, ob er beabsichtigt, Jurisdiktion auszuüben.

1. Die Zustand-Partei in der Gegend, unter deren Jurisdiktion eine Person, die behauptet wurde, jede mögliche Handlung festgelegt zu haben, in Artikel 4 sich bezog, wird soll in den Fällen erwog in Artikel 5, wenn sie ihn nicht ausliefert, einreichen den Fall bei seinen zuständigen Behörden für Verfolgung gefunden.

2. Diese Behörden treffen ihre Entscheidung auf die gleiche Weise wie im Falle jeder gewöhnlichen Handlung einer ernsten Natur unter das Gesetz dieses Zustandes. In den Fällen, die in Artikel 5 beziehen, sind Punkt 2, die Standards des Beweises erfordert für Verfolgung und die überzeugung keineswegs weniger zwingend als die, die in den Fällen zutreffen, die in Artikel 5 beziehen, Punkt 1.

3. Jede mögliche Person, betreffend die Verfahren in Zusammenhang mit irgendwelchen der Handlungen geholt werden, die in Artikel 4 beziehen, ist garantierte angemessene Behandlung in allen Stadien der Verfahren.

1. Die Handlungen, die in Artikel 4 beziehen, werden gemeint, als extraditable Handlungen in jedem möglichem Auslieferungsvertrag eingeschlossen zu werden, der zwischen Zustand-Parteien besteht. Zustand-Parteien beabsichtigen, solche Handlungen wie extraditable Handlungen in jedem zwischen ihnen gefolgert zu werden Auslieferungsvertrag einzuschließen.

2. Wenn eine Zustand-Partei, die Auslieferungkonditional auf dem Bestehen eines Vertrags bildet, einen Antrag für Auslieferung von einer anderen Zustand-Partei empfängt, mit der sie keinen Auslieferungsvertrag hat, kann sie diese Versammlung für die Gesetzesgrundlage für Auslieferung in Bezug auf solche Handlungen halten. Auslieferung ist abhängig von den anderen Bedingungen, die vom Gesetz des erbetenen Zustandes bereitgestellt werden.

3. Gibt an, daß Parteien, die nicht bilden, Auslieferungkonditional auf dem Bestehen eines Vertrags solche Handlungen erkennen, die extraditable Handlungen zwischen selbst abhängig von den Bedingungen vom Gesetz des erbetenen Zustandes zur Verfügung stellten.

4. Solche Handlungen werden, für Auslieferung zwischen Zustand-Parteien behandelt, als ob sie nicht nur im Platz, in dem sie auftraten, aber auch in den Gegenden der Zustände festgelegt worden waren, die erfordert wurden, ihre Jurisdiktion in übereinstimmung mit Artikel 5 herzustellen, Punkt 1.

1. Zustand-Parteien leisten sich ein anders die größte Hilfsmaßnahme in Zusammenhang mit den kriminellen Verfahren, die in Bezug auf irgendwelche der Handlungen geholt werden, die in Artikel 4, einschließlich das Versorgungsmaterial alles Beweises an ihrer Beseitigung beziehen, die für die Verfahren notwendig ist.

2. Zustand-Parteien führen ihre Verpflichtungen unter Punkt I dieses Artikels in übereinstimmung mit allen möglichen Verträgen auf gegenseitiger Rechtshilfe durch, die zwischen ihnen bestehen kann.

1. Jede Zustand-Partei stellt sicher, daß Ausbildung und die Informationen betreffend sind das Verbot gegen Folterung völlig im Training des Gesetzdurchführungpersonals, des Zivil- oder militärischen, medizinischen Personals, der allgemeinen Beamten und anderer Personen eingeschlossen sind, die in den Schutz, in die Befragung oder in die Behandlung der Einzelperson irgendwie mit einbezogen werden können, die jeder möglicher Form des Anhaltens, der Verzögerung oder der Gefangenschaft unterworfen wird.

2. Jede Zustand-Partei schließt dieses Verbot in den Richtlinien oder in den Anweisungen ein, die hinsichtlich der Aufgaben herausgegeben werden und Funktionen irgend solcher Person.

Jede Zustand-Partei hält unter systematischen Berichtbefragungrichtlinien, -anweisungen, -methoden und -praxis sowie Vorbereitungen für den Schutz und die Behandlung der Personen, die jeder möglicher Form des Anhaltens, der Verzögerung oder der Gefangenschaft in irgendeiner Gegend unter seiner Jurisdiktion, angesichts des Verhinderns aller möglicher Fälle von der Folterung unterworfen werden.

Jede Zustand-Partei stellt sicher, daß seine zuständigen Behörden zu einer sofortigen und unparteiischen Untersuchung fortfahren, wohin es den angemessenen Boden gibt, zum zu glauben, daß eine Tat der Folterung in jeder möglicher Gegend unter seiner Jurisdiktion festgelegt worden ist.

Jede Zustand-Partei stellt sicher, daß irgendwie Einzelperson, die ihn behauptet, Folterung in jeder möglicher Gegend unter seiner Jurisdiktion hat das Recht, sich zu unterworfen worden ist, und seinen Fall zu haben zu beschweren sofort und unvoreingenommen vorbei überprüft, seine zuständigen Behörden. Schritte werden unternommen, um sicherzugehen, daß der Beschwerdeführer und die Zeugen gegen alle gegebenen Mißhandlung oder Einschüchterung als Folge seiner Beanstandung oder jeden möglichen Beweis geschützt werden.

1. Jede Zustand-Partei stellt in seinem zugelassenen System, daß das Opfer einer Tat der Folterung Redress erreicht und ein durchsetzbares Recht zum angemessenen und ausreichenden Ausgleich hat, einschließlich die Mittel für als volle Rehabilitation sicher, wie möglich. Im Falle vom Tod des Opfers resultierend aus einer Tat der Folterung, werden seine Abhängigen zum Ausgleich erlaubt.

2. Nothing in this article shall affect any right of the victim or other persons to compensation which may exist under national law.

Each State Party shall ensure that any statement which is established to have been made as a result of torture shall not be invoked as evidence in any proceedings, except against a person accused of torture as evidence that the statement was made.

1. Each State Party shall undertake to prevent in any territory under its jurisdiction other acts of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment which do not amount to torture as defined in article I, when such acts are committed by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. In particular, the obligations contained in articles 10, 11, 12 and 13 shall apply with the substitution for references to torture of references to other forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

2. The provisions of this Convention are without prejudice to the provisions of any other international instrument or national law which prohibits cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment or which relates to extradition or expulsion.

Article 17

1. There shall be established a Committee against Torture (hereinafter referred to as the Committee) which shall carry out the functions hereinafter provided. The Committee shall consist of ten experts of high moral standing and recognized competence in the field of human rights, who shall serve in their personal capacity. The experts shall be elected by the States Parties, consideration being given to equitable geographical distribution and to the usefulness of the participation of some persons having legal experience.

2. The members of the Committee shall be elected by secret ballot from a list of persons nominated by States Parties. Each State Party may nominate one person from among its own nationals. States Parties shall bear in mind the usefulness of nominating persons who are also members of the Human Rights Committee established under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and who are willing to serve on the Committee against Torture.

3. Elections of the members of the Committee shall be held at biennial meetings of States Parties convened by the Secretary-General of the United Nations. At those meetings, for which two thirds of the States Parties shall constitute a quorum, the persons elected to the Committee shall be those who obtain the largest number of votes and an absolute majority of the votes of the representatives of States Parties present and voting.

4. The initial election shall be held no later than six months after the date of the entry into force of this Convention. At. Ieast four months before the date of each election, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall address a letter to the States Parties inviting them to submit their nominations within three months. The Secretary-General shall prepare a list in alphabetical order of all persons thus nominated, indicating the States Parties which have nominated them, and shall submit it to the States Parties.

5. The members of the Committee shall be elected for a term of four years. They shall be eligible for re-election if renominated. However, the term of five of the members elected at the first election shall expire at the end of two years; immediately after the first election the names of these five members shall be chosen by lot by the chairman of the meeting referred to in paragraph 3 of this article.

6. If a member of the Committee dies or resigns or for any other cause can no longer perform his Committee duties, the State Party which nominated him shall appoint another expert from among its nationals to serve for the remainder of his term, subject to the approval of the majority of the States Parties. The approval shall be considered given unless half or more of the States Parties respond negatively within six weeks after having been informed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the proposed appointment.

7. States Parties shall be responsible for the expenses of the members of the Committee while they are in performance of Committee duties. (amendment (see General Assembly resolution 47/111 of 16 December 1992); status of ratification)

1. The Committee shall elect its officers for a term of two years. They may be re-elected.

2. The Committee shall establish its own rules of procedure, but these rules shall provide, inter alia, that:

(a) Six members shall constitute a quorum;

(b) Decisions of the Committee shall be made by a majority vote of the members present.

3. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall provide the necessary staff and facilities for the effective performance of the functions of the Committee under this Convention.

4. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall convene the initial meeting of the Committee. After its initial meeting, the Committee shall meet at such times as shall be provided in its rules of procedure.

5. The States Parties shall be responsible for expenses incurred in connection with the holding of meetings of the States Parties and of the Committee, including reimbursement to the United Nations for any expenses, such as the cost of staff and facilities, incurred by the United Nations pursuant to paragraph 3 of this article. (amendment (see General Assembly resolution 47/111 of 16 December 1992);  status of ratification)

1. The States Parties shall submit to the Committee, through the Secretary-General of the United Nations, reports on the measures they have taken to give effect to their undertakings under this Convention, within one year after the entry into force of the Convention for the State Party concerned. Thereafter the States Parties shall submit supplementary reports every four years on any new measures taken and such other reports as the Committee may request.

2. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall transmit the reports to all States Parties.

3. Each report shall be considered by the Committee which may make such general comments on the report as it may consider appropriate and shall forward these to the State Party concerned. That State Party may respond with any observations it chooses to the Committee.

4. The Committee may, at its discretion, decide to include any comments made by it in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article, together with the observations thereon received from the State Party concerned, in its annual report made in accordance with article 24. If so requested by the State Party concerned, the Committee may also include a copy of the report submitted under paragraph I of this article.

1. If the Committee receives reliable information which appears to it to contain well-founded indications that torture is being systematically practised in the territory of a State Party, the Committee shall invite that State Party to co-operate in the examination of the information and to this end to submit observations with regard to the information concerned.

2. Taking into account any observations which may have been submitted by the State Party concerned, as well as any other relevant information available to it, the Committee may, if it decides that this is warranted, designate one or more of its members to make a confidential inquiry and to report to the Committee urgently.

3. If an inquiry is made in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article, the Committee shall seek the co-operation of the State Party concerned. In agreement with that State Party, such an inquiry may include a visit to its territory.

4. After examining the findings of its member or members submitted in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article, the Commission shall transmit these findings to the State Party concerned together with any comments or suggestions which seem appropriate in view of the situation.

5. All the proceedings of the Committee referred to in paragraphs I to 4 of th is article s hall be con fidential , and at all stages of the proceedings the co-operation of the State Party shall be sought. After such proceedings have been completed with regard to an inquiry made in accordance with paragraph 2, the Committee may, after consultations with the State Party concerned, decide to include a summary account of the results of the proceedings in its annual report made in accordance with article 24.

1. A State Party to this Convention may at any time declare under this article that it recognizes the competence of the Committee to receive and consider communications to the effect that a State Party claims that another State Party is not fulfilling its obligations under this Convention. Such communications may be received and considered according to the procedures laid down in this article only if submitted by a State Party which has made a declaration recognizing in regard to itself the competence of the Committee. No communication shall be dealt with by the Committee under this article if it concerns a State Party which has not made such a declaration. Communications received under this article shall be dealt with in accordance with the following procedure;

(a) If a State Party considers that another State Party is not giving effect to the provisions ofthis Convention, it may, by written communication, bring the matter to the attention of that State Party. Within three months afler the receipt of the communication the receiving State shall afford the State which sent the communication an explanation or any other statement in writing clarifying the matter, which should include, to the extent possible and pertinent, reference to domestic procedures and remedies taken, pending or available in the matter;

(b) If the matter is not adjusted to the satisfaction of both States Parties concerned within six months after the receipt by the receiving State of the initial communication, either State shall have the right to refer the matter to the Committee, by notice given to the Committee and to the other State;

(c) The Committee shall deal with a matter referred to it under this article only after it has ascertained that all domestic remedies have been invoked and exhausted in the matter, in conformity with the generally recognized principles of international law. This shall not be the rule where the application of the remedies is unreasonably prolonged or is unlikely to bring effective relief to the person who is the victim of the violation of this Convention;

(d) The Committee shall hold closed meetings when examining communications under this article;

(e) Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (c), the Committee shall make available its good offices to the States Parties concerned with a view to a friendly solution of the matter on the basis of respect for the obligations provided for in this Convention. For this purpose, the Committee may, when appropriate, set up an ad hoc conciliation commission;

(f) In any matter referred to it under this article, the Committee may call upon the States Parties concerned, referred to in subparagraph (b), to supply any relevant information;

(g) The States Parties concerned, referred to in subparagraph (b), shall have the right to be represented when the matter is being considered by the Committee and to make submissions orally and/or in writing;

(h) The Committee shall, within twelve months after the date of receipt of notice under subparagraph (b), submit a report:

(i) If a solution within the terms of subparagraph (e) is reached, the Committee shall confine its report to a brief statement of the facts and of the solution reached;

(ii) If a solution within the terms of subparagraph (e) is not reached, the Committee shall confine its report to a brief statement of the facts; the written submissions and record of the oral submissions made by the States Parties concerned shall be attached to the report.

In every matter, the report shall be communicated to the States Parties concerned.

2. The provisions of this article shall come into force when five States Parties to this Convention have made declarations under paragraph 1 of this article. Such declarations shall be deposited by the States Parties with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit copies thereof to the other States Parties. A declaration may be withdrawn at any time by notification to the Secretary-General. Such a withdrawal shall not prejudice the consideration of any matter which is the subject of a communication already transmitted under this article; no further communication by any State Party shall be received under this article after the notification of withdrawal of the declaration has been received by the Secretary-General, unless the State Party concerned has made a new declaration.

1. A State Party to this Convention may at any time declare under this article that it recognizes the competence of the Committee to receive and consider communications from or on behalf of individuals subject to its jurisdiction who claim to be victims of a violation by a State Party of the provisions of the Convention. No communication shall be received by the Committee if it concerns a State Party which has not made such a declaration.

2. The Committee shall consider inadmissible any communication under this article which is anonymous or which it considers to be an abuse of the right of submission of such communications or to be incompatible with the provisions of this Convention.

3. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2, the Committee shall bring any communications submitted to it under this article to the attention of the State Party to this Convention which has made a declaration under paragraph I and is alleged to be violating any provisions of the Convention. Within six months, the receiving State shall submit to the Committee written explanations or statements clarifying the matter and the remedy, if any, that may have been taken by that State.

4. The Committee shall consider communications received under this article in the light of all information made available to it by or on behalf of the individual and by the State Party concerned.

5. The Committee shall not consider any communications from an individual under this article unless it has ascertained that:

(a) The same matter has not been, and is not being, examined under another procedure of international investigation or settlement;

(b) The individual has exhausted all available domestic remedies; this shall not be the rule where the application of the remedies is unreasonably prolonged or is unlikely to bring effective reliefto the person who is the victim of the violation of this Convention.

6. The Committee shall hold closed meetings when examining communications under this article.

7. The Committee shall forward its views to the State Party concerned and to the individual.

8. The provisions of this article shall come into force when five States Parties to this Convention have made declarations under paragraph 1 of this article. Such declarations shall be deposited by the States Parties with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit copies thereof to the other States Parties. A declaration may be withdrawn at any time by notification to the Secretary-General. Such a withdrawal shall not prejudice the consideration of any matter which is the subject of a communication already transmitted under this article; no further communication by or on behalf of an individual shall be received under this article after the notification of withdrawal of the declaration has been received by the SecretaryGeneral, unless the State Party has made a new declaration.

The members of the Committee and of the ad hoc conciliation commissions which may be appointed under article 21, paragraph I (e), shall be entitled to the facilities, privileges and immunities of experts on mission for the United Nations as laid down in the relevant sections of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations.

The Committee shall submit an annual report on its activities under this Convention to the States Parties and to the General Assembly of the United Nations.

Article 25

1. This Convention is open for signature by all States. 2. This Convention is subject to ratification. Instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

This Convention is open to accession by all States. Accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of accession with the SecretaryGeneral of the United Nations.

1. This Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of the deposit with the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the twentieth instrument of ratification or accession.

2. For each State ratifying this Convention or acceding to it after the deposit of the twentieth instrument of ratification or accession, the Convention shall enter into force onthe thirtieth day after the date of the deposit of its own instrument of ratification or accession.

1. Each State may, at the time of signature or ratification of this Convention or accession thereto, declare that it does not recognize the competence of the Committee provided for in article 20.

2. Any State Party having made a reservation in accordance with paragraph I of this article may, at any time, withdraw this reservation by notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

1 . Any State Party to this Convention may propose an amendment and file it with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. The SecretaryGeneral shall thereupon communicate the proposed amendment to the States Parties with a request that they notify him whether they favour a conference of States Parties for the purpose of considering an d voting upon the proposal. In the event that within four months from the date of such communication at least one third of the States Parties favours such a conference, the SecretaryGeneral shall convene the conference under the auspices of the United Nations. Any amendment adopted by a majority of the States Parties present and voting at the conference shall be submitted by the Secretary-General to all the States Parties for acceptance.

2. An amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph I of this article shall enter into force when two thirds of the States Parties to this Convention have notified the Secretary-General of the United Nations that they have accepted it in accordance with their respective constitutional processes.

3. When amendments enter into force, they shall be binding on those States Parties which have accepted them, other States Parties still being bound by the provisions of this Convention and any earlier amendments which they have accepted.

1. Any dispute between two or more States Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention which cannot be settled through negotiation shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted to arbitration. If within six months from thc date of the request for arbitration the Parties are unable to agree on the organization of the arbitration, any one of those Parties may refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice by request in conformity with the Statute of the Court.

2. Each State may, at the time of signature or ratification of this Con vention or accession thereto, declare that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph I of this article. The other States Parties shall not be bound by paragraph I of this article with respect to any State Party having made such a reservation.

3. Any State Party having made a reservation in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article may at any time withdraw this reservation by notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

1. A State Party may denounce this Convention by written notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Denunciation becomes effective one year after the date of receipt of- the notification by the Secretary-General .

2. Such a denunciation shall not have the effect of releasing the State Party from its obligations under this Convention in regard to any act or omission which occurs prior to the date at which the denunciation becomes effective, nor shall denunciation prejudice in any way the continued consideration of any matter which is already under consideration by the Committee prior to the date at which the denunciation becomes effective.

3. Following the date at which the denunciation of a State Party becomes effective, the Committee shall not commence consideration of any new matter regarding that State.

The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States Members of the United Nations and all States which have signed this Convention or acceded to it of the following:

(a) Signatures, ratifications and accessions under articles 25 and 26;

(b) The date of entry into force of this Convention under article 27 and the date of the entry into force of any amendments under article 29;

(c) Denunciations under article 31.

1. This Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

2. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall transmit certified copies of this Convention to all States.